House and Townhouse
Planning and Design
Site Analysis: Assess the building site, considering factors such as soil quality, topography, and local building regulations.
Architectural Design: Develop detailed architectural plans and blueprints, including floor plans, elevations, and structural details.
Permits and Approvals: Obtain necessary building permits and approvals from local authorities before starting construction.
Site Preparation
Clearing the Land: Remove any trees, rocks, or debris from the site.
Grading: Level the site to create a stable base for the foundation.
Utility Setup: Arrange for temporary utilities (water, electricity) to be available on-site for construction purposes.
Foundation Construction
Excavation: Dig the trenches or holes required for the foundation, basements, or footings.
Formwork: Install formwork (temporary molds) to shape the foundation.
Pouring Concrete: Pour concrete into the formwork to create the foundation, footings, and any basement walls.
Curing: Allow the concrete to cure (harden) properly, which may take several days to weeks, depending on weather conditions and the mix used.
Waterproofing: Apply waterproofing to the foundation walls to prevent moisture ingress.
Framing
Floor System: Install the floor joists and subfloor on top of the foundation.
Wall Framing: Erect the walls using wood or steel studs, including the installation of door and window openings.
Roof Framing: Construct the roof trusses or rafters, and install sheathing to form the basic structure of the roof.
Bracing: Add temporary or permanent bracing to ensure structural stability during construction.
Exterior Work
Roofing: Install roofing materials such as shingles, tiles, or metal panels to make the structure weatherproof.
Windows and Doors: Install exterior windows and doors, ensuring proper sealing against the elements.
Siding: Apply exterior siding (e.g., brick, vinyl, wood, stucco) to protect the walls and enhance aesthetics.
Insulation: Install insulation in walls, floors, and the attic to improve energy efficiency.
Interior Work
Electrical, Plumbing, HVAC: Run electrical wiring, plumbing pipes, and HVAC ductwork throughout the house. This is often done concurrently with framing.
Drywall: Hang drywall on the interior walls and ceilings, then tape, mud, and sand the joints to create a smooth surface.
Painting: Prime and paint the walls and ceilings, often in multiple coats.
Flooring: Install flooring materials such as hardwood, tile, carpet, or laminate.
Finishing Touches
Cabinetry and Millwork: Install kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, trim, and moldings.
Fixtures and Appliances: Install plumbing fixtures (sinks, toilets), lighting fixtures, and kitchen appliances.
Interior Doors and Hardware: Hang interior doors and install handles, locks, and other hardware.
Final Inspections: Conduct final inspections to ensure the house meets all building codes and regulations.